There is the sea, and there are the mountains. In Saga, people’s lives are closely connected to nature. One symbol of this is Mifuneyama Rakuen, a garden in Takeo City, which took three years to create in 1845 as a villa garden for Shigeyoshi Nabeshima, the 28th lord of Takeo in the Saga domain at the time.

Mifuneyama Rakuen is attractive both day and night

When most people think of Japanese gardens, they think of small ponds, artificial mountains, and manicured plants, but the scenery of this Mifuneyama Rakuen is much wilder. Towering before you is the 210-meter-high Mt. As if covering the rugged, undulating rock surface, cherry blossoms bloom in March, azaleas from April, and autumn leaves add color in the fall.
The grounds cover an area of about 150,000 tsubo. A leisurely stroll through the park in the daytime is fine, but at night, when the lights are turned on, the scenery becomes even more magical. The lights are not glittering. Rather, as you stand amid the subdued lights, you are enveloped by the smells of the plants and flowers, and your mood is relaxed and calm.

Mysterious world created by Team Lab

For an even more magical experience, visit the Mifuneyama Rakuen Hotel on the grounds. After passing through the automatic entrance door, you will find yourself in a magical world of countless colorful Venetian lamps shimmering and shining. Surrounded by mirrors, the space seems to spread out forever. What should have been a rich natural setting was instantly transformed into a space of art. The dramatic change is so dramatic that it is almost impossible to keep up with it, and it is easy to lose track of where you are.

The post Mifuneyama Paradise, a symbol of the connection between the people of Saga and nature / Takeo City, Saga Prefecture first appeared on NIHONMONO.

One of the most popular tourist spots: Komono Yokoyama Residence Garden

Located in the eastern foothills of the Suzuka Mountains on the border with Shiga Prefecture in northern Mie Prefecture, the town of Komono is one of the most popular tourist spots in Mie Prefecture, where you can enjoy the rich natural scenery of the four seasons, and is home to Yunoyama Hot Springs, known for its 1300 year-old hot springs. In this beautiful town, the Komono Yokoyama Teien, a traditional Japanese residence, is registered as a Tangible Cultural Property of Japan. The Yokoyama teien in Komono-cho, whose architecture is registered as a national tangible cultural property and whose garden is a registered monument, is currently closed to the public but can be viewed by participating in tours that are held several times a year. The history of not only the mansion but also its owner, the Yokoyama family, is long. The Yokoyama family served the Ise-mamoru Kitabatake family in the Muromachi period (1336-1573), the Komono clan in the Edo period (1603-1868), and the headman in the Meiji period (1868-1912). In the Taisho era (1912-1926), the Yokoyama family was a prominent family that even produced a member of the House of Representatives.

Gardens in Mie Prefecture designed by Mirei Shigemori

The main gate of the Komono Yokoyama Residence is located at the end of a stone-paved pathway that extends more than 30 meters. After passing through the passageway lined with well-maintained ibuki trees, visitors pass through the main gate and are confronted with the main building, which is an irimoya-style house with a gabled roof. Between the main gate and the main house, there is a garden in front of the entrance, and a path leading from the gate to the main house is arranged in a karesansui (dry landscape garden).
The entrance garden is neatly organized and welcomes visitors with an elegant atmosphere.

These gardens were completed in June 1968, and were created by the famous gardener Mirei Shigemori. Mr. Shigemori is known for his great achievements as a researcher of Japanese garden history, having conducted a survey of Japanese gardens throughout Japan and compiled the basis for the “Pictorial History of Japanese Gardens,” and he has created about 200 gardens in Japan. His representative works include the Honbo Garden of Tofukuji Temple in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, and the Sesshu Garden at Jyoeiji Temple in Yamaguchi Prefecture, which is still loved by many garden lovers. The owner of the house at that time, Mr. Hideyoshi Yokoyama, was fascinated by Shigemori’s works and ideas, and visited him in person without any introduction, which led to the creation of the garden. Mr. Shigemori was so enthusiastic that he agreed to create the garden without hesitation.

In addition to the garden in front of the entrance, there are also an Omoteiwa (front garden) and a Uraba (back garden). The main feature of the Omote-niwa is the expression of the character for “heart” by creating an island in the middle of a karesansui (dry landscape garden) with a moss hill. Other Japanese gardens have also expressed the character for “heart,” but usually in the form of a “heart-shaped pond. For this reason, the Komono Yokoyama Teien is also notable as a garden with a central island in the shape of the character for “heart. The garden stones arranged in the garden are made of Horai-style masonry based on the Horai Shinzen philosophy. The garden depicts boateki arranged in a karesansui (dry landscape garden) that resembles a large ocean with a sandy pattern, heading toward tateishi (standing stones) that resemble the towering Mount Horai. This arrangement expresses the journey of the heart on the boating stones toward Mount Horai.
This garden can be enjoyed from various places such as the entrance garden, the main building, the shoin (drawing room), and the tea ceremony room,
One of the charms of this garden is that it can be seen from various places.

The back garden is a complete change of atmosphere from the traditional front garden, with a more modern style.
Also known as the “Red and White Garden,” the space is divided into several layers diagonally to the house, and is covered with white Shirakawa stones and red Tengu stones.
The backyard represents the rural landscape that Mr. Shigemori saw from the train window when he visited the Yokoyama residence. The veranda, from which one can view the backyard, represents the inside of a train car, the diagonal partition represents the movement of the scenery flowing through the train window, and the red and white stones represent the rice paddies. When Mr. Shigemori visited the Yokoyama residence, the backyard on the north side of the house looked dark and heavy, and he came up with the idea of creating a bright and modern backyard, which led to a sudden change in the original design. From this backyard, one can sense the beautiful original landscape of Komono.

Komono Yokoyama Residence Garden: More than just a garden

The Komono Yokoyama Residence Garden preserves not only a garden but also attractive architecture. On the east side of the main house is a building that was used as a clinic at the time. Inside the building, there is a waiting room, an examination room, and an x-ray room, all of which remind us of its former use as a clinic. The building is a parapet structure with a distinctive exterior wall.
The exterior walls are covered with wooden scale-like boards 1.5 meters high, like the scales of a fish. The distinctive appearance of the building attracts people’s attention, and it is registered as a cultural property for its contribution to the historical landscape of the country.

The Komono Yokoyama Residence also has a tea house called Jinjitsu-an. This tea house was built around the middle of the Meiji period (1868-1912), and is said to have been designed by Shokei Yoshida, the second generation of the Yoshida Shofu-an tea house of the Omotesenke school of tea ceremony in Nagoya. It was moved from the Narita family in Nagoya to the Komono Yokoyama family in 1968.
The adjacent open-air space was also designed by Shigemori, but the interior of the tea house is not open to the public.
In addition to the main gate, main building, infirmary, and tea house, the shoin (drawing room), the cross corridor, and the storehouse are also registered as tangible cultural properties.

The Komono Yokoyama Residence is a historic Japanese house with a relaxing garden.
The garden is a place that takes visitors on a spiritual journey from the traditional architecture to the garden.

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Makino Botanical Garden, a comprehensive botanical garden

Tomitaro Makino (1862-1957), a botanist from Kochi, Japan, is known as the “father of Japanese botany.” At a time when Japanese flora had not yet been fully understood, he walked the country on his own two feet and conducted almost self-taught botanical surveys and research. He named more than 1,500 species of plants, including new species and varieties, and left behind about 400,000 specimens and botanical drawings. The Makino Botanical Garden was opened in 1958 as a facility to pass on his achievements to future generations. When it opened, it was a public botanical garden that mainly cultivated and exhibited plants native to Kochi Prefecture, but in 1999, the Makino Tomitaro Memorial Museum was opened, and it has become a comprehensive botanical garden that conducts plant research, disseminates plant knowledge, and provides a place for relaxation through plant exhibits.
The museum is currently engaged in the research, collection, and conservation of wild plants in Kochi Prefecture and Japan, as well as the elucidation of plant diversity overseas and the exploration of resource plants, making it a facility that attracts plant experts from around the world,” said Seiko Fujii, Cultivation Technology Section.

Translated with DeepL.com (free version)

Dr. Makino’s study is recreated at the Makino Botanical Garden

The vast area, which covers almost the entire upper half of Mount Godaisan in Kochi City, is home to more than 3,000 species of plants that delight the eyes of visitors. In addition to the actual specimens and botanical drawings left by Dr. Makino, the park also features a recreation of his study “Yojo Shokuyoku,” a room filled with his materials. There is a café and restaurant in the garden, serving original blends of Makino Botanical Garden tea based on plants related to Dr. Makino, as well as a botanical store, making it a good place to take a break during a stroll.

Makino Botanical Garden recreates natural conditions

Learn about the great achievements of Dr. Tomitaro Makino at the Memorial Hall and stroll through the park. The Tosa Botanical Ecology Garden, which recreates the nature that nurtured Dr. Makino, an area with traditional Japanese horticultural plants and other Oriental plants that add color to the four seasons, and a greenhouse with a water garden and jungle zone, are all overgrown with trees that look like they were originally there in the wild, but in fact they have been precisely arranged to recreate the natural state of the forest. The large greenhouse is home to rare tropical plants and ecology. In the large greenhouse, visitors can learn about the ecology of rare tropical plants, but “in mid-summer it is so hot that it is cooler in the greenhouse (laughs).

Sustainability is also the theme of the architecture.

Another highlight of the botanical garden is its architecture, which is based on the theme of sustainability and uses an abundance of wood. The circular entrance gives a sense of openness, as if the sky has been hollowed out, and the corridor leading from there to the Tomitaro Makino Memorial Museum is in perfect “symbiosis” with the many plants. The building was designed by one of Japan’s leading architects, Mr. Hiroshi Naito. It has received numerous awards, including the 13th Togo Murano Award, as an outstanding building that shows the direction of environmentally friendly architecture that takes the landscape into consideration.
The Makino Botanical Garden is a botanical garden that can be enjoyed by those without much interest in plants. Just walking around or taking a deep breath is pleasant. The fact that one naturally becomes interested in the plants as one strolls through the garden is probably due to the fact that Dr. Makino’s passion and love for plants has been passed down to him.

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Senganen, the Shimadzu family’s villa

Kagoshima is covered by the Shirasu Plateau, which contains volcanic ash and fused tuff.This soil was not suitable for rice cultivation since the time of the feudal government because it was too well drained.Nevertheless, from the Edo period (1603-1867) through the end of the Edo period (1603-1868) and into the Meiji era (1868-1912), the clan was recognized by the shogunate as a major clan because of the “enterprising spirit” that took root in this region.The word “shindori” means to boldly take on difficult challenges.
The Sengan-en Garden, a villa of the Shimazu family in Kagoshima City, is a symbol of this spirit.

From the garden, one can see Sakurajima, which is repeatedly and heroically erupting, as if it were part of the landscape.As you walk around the garden, you can feel the influence of Ryukyu (Okinawa), China, and Southeast Asia in the “Bogakuro,” an atrium presented by the King of Ryukyu, the “Senjingan,” a huge rock with letters carved on the shore, and the Kyokusui Garden, which shows the influence of a Chinese orchid pavilion.The Shimazu family villa was built in 1658 by Mitsuhisa, the 19th head of the family.From the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period (1868-1912), it was used as a guest house for the Crown Prince of England, the Crown Prince of Russia, and other dignitaries, and is now loved by many residents of the prefecture as a historic garden.

Shoko Shuseikan, a museum of the Shimadzu family

At the adjacent museum, Shoko Shuseikan, visitors can learn about the Shuseikan project (modernization project) undertaken by Nariakira, the 28th head of the Shimazu family.The Satsuma clan, which had the Ryukyu Kingdom under its control, was active in overseas trade and received the latest information through this trade.Shimazu Nariakira, who aimed to create a prosperous country, combined European knowledge with Japanese technology to build a group of factories called “Shuseikan” in the Iso district where Senganen is located.There, he promoted his policy of wealth, national strength, and industrialization by constructing reverberatory furnaces and blast furnaces, shipbuilding, and glass manufacturing one after another.
He was involved in a variety of businesses.I can understand why the shogunate was afraid of the Shimadzu family.

Japan’s modernization was recognized as the first and extremely short-lived leap forward in non-Western regions, and was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2015 as “The Industrial Revolution of Meiji Japan: Iron and Steel Making, Shipbuilding, and Coal Industry.The area where the “Shuseikan” factory complex was located is also registered as a component asset, “Former Shuseikan.

For more information on the process leading up to the World Heritage registration and the story of the modernization of the area, please visit the World Heritage Orientation Center in Sengan-en Garden.Sengan-en Garden is now not only a beautiful feudal lord’s garden, but also a representative tourist facility of Kagoshima, with stores selling Kagoshima’s specialties such as Satsuma faceted glass and Satsuma porcelain, and restaurants serving local cuisine.The admission fee for the combined tour of Sengan-en, Shoko Shuseikan, and Goten is 1,600 yen for adults and high school students and older, and 800 yen for elementary and junior high school students.Group rates are also available.

The Satsuma clan produced a number of figures who made significant contributions to the establishment of Japan as a modern nation, including Saigo Takamori, Okubo Toshimichi, and the Satsuma clan’s mission to Britain, which traveled to Europe during the period of national isolation.This must be because they inherited the spirit of Nariakira, who had an early bird’s-eye view of the world.

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Mifuneyama Rakuen, a symbol of nature in Saga

There is the sea, and there are the mountains. In Saga, people’s lives are closely connected to nature. One symbol of this is Mifuneyama Rakuen, a garden in Takeo City, which took three years to create in 1845 as a villa garden for Shigeyoshi Nabeshima, the 28th lord of Takeo in the Saga domain at the time.

Mifuneyama Rakuen is attractive both day and night

When most people think of Japanese gardens, they think of small ponds, artificial mountains, and manicured plants, but the scenery of this Mifuneyama Rakuen is much wilder. Towering before you is the 210-meter-high Mt. As if covering the rugged, undulating rock surface, cherry blossoms bloom in March, azaleas from April, and autumn leaves add color in the fall.
The grounds cover an area of about 150,000 tsubo. A leisurely stroll through the park in the daytime is fine, but at night, when the lights are turned on, the scenery becomes even more magical. The lights are not glittering. Rather, as you stand amid the subdued lights, you are enveloped by the smells of the plants and flowers, and your mood is relaxed and calm.

Mysterious world created by Team Lab

For an even more magical experience, visit the Mifuneyama Rakuen Hotel on the grounds. After passing through the automatic entrance door, you will find yourself in a magical world of countless colorful Venetian lamps shimmering and shining. Surrounded by mirrors, the space seems to spread out forever. What should have been a rich natural setting was instantly transformed into a space of art. The dramatic change is so dramatic that it is almost impossible to keep up with it, and it is easy to lose track of where you are.

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A “design garden” with 2000 varieties of trees

Manabe Garden is designed using several thousand varieties of plants from around the world. They import and sell the trees. The sapling farm at Manabe Garden has been in operation for over 60 years, and serves as a showroom to see how the plants actually grow. The garden is over 24,000 ”tsubo” (79,338 ㎡) and has a Japanese Garden, European Garden, and Landscape Garden, and is beautifully laid out by theme. There is also a cafeteria where wild birds and Ezo squirrels can be enjoyed, and a garden center where you can buy rare species of plants. They have many varieties including coniferous trees, hardwood trees, flowering trees, etc, and many new breeds.

Moor Springs and Japanese Garden

When you walk through the gate surrounded by trees, the first thing you come to is a Japanese garden. In the center there is a pond surrounded by trees. ”While following the rule of a Japanese garden, Acacia and fir trees which are typical of Hokkaido are also included.” This adds an European touch to the Japanese garden. Water from the Moor Spring is drawn for the pond. ”Moor Spring is rich in mineral and contains plant based organic matter so you can breed Koi fish,” they explain with Nakaka nodding in acknowledgement. Even in the winter, the water temperature is 16C and the pond does not freeze over.

An added attraction – the unusual and newly bred species

A scent similar to lemons fills the air but it comes from the white-cedar. We were told ”this tree is used as an ingredient for perfume.” The flowers have been bred to bloom during all 4 seasons, and some even bloom in November. During our walk, we saw Ezo squirrels. Other wild animals such as Siberian flying squirrel, fox and rabbits also frequent the Garden. We walked around the Garden while listening to the explanations, and Nakata shared his impression that, ”While there are many gardens with flowers, it is rare to see this many varieties of trees in one place. I would never become bored here.”

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Keeping alive the ambience of Edo culture to this day

”Shimizu-en,” a Japanese garden located in Shibata-City, Niigata Prefecture is a well-known feudal lord’s garden in the Echigo region. The promenade garden was built by Shibata clan during Edo era. In the center of the garden is a large pond shaped like the Chinese character ”water” in ”sosho” style with five tea houses interspersed around the pond. ”Satsuma Sugi” (a type of Japanese cedar) surrounding the garden and ”Aomori Tsuga” (a type of Japanese hemlock) are rare in this region. You can deduce how the distribution system of the period worked and assume how they strove to raise the social status of the garden by planting rare trees. The beautifully borrowed scenes from ”The Eight Views of Omi” : ”Wild Geese Returning Home at Katata,” ”Evening Bell at Miidera,” ”Evening Glow at Seta,” ”Autumn Moon at Ishiyama,” ”Clear Breeze at Awazu,” ”Returning Sails at Yabase,” ”Evening Rain at Karasaki,” ”Evening Snow at Hira,” was designated National Place of Scenic Beauty in 2003.

The simple style of “Shoin”

The reception room on the right side of the central gate is a 250㎡ single-story house with hipped roof called ”Shimizutani Goten.” It was built as a place for the feudal lord to appreciate the garden. One will observe from the traces of ”Noh” stage that ”Noh” and other performances were held here and that the house was a place to relax and recuperate for the feudal lords. Two adjacent ”Kyoma” rooms open up onto the pond, the wooden floor of the 50㎡ room connected to hook-shaped corridor has a floor applied with ”Shunkei” lacquer. The very simple, undecorated style eliminating extravagance show their political consideration towards Edo shogunate.

The five tea houses blending into the elegant scenery

In the castle town of Shibata, tea ceremony was very popular. Successive lords of ”Shibata clan” put great importance to tea ceremony and built five tea houses in different styles, ”Toan,” ”Yukatei,” ”Suitoan,” ”Dojinsai,” ”Shogetsutei,” around the pond. In late 1940s to the ‘50s, tea master Taiami Tanaka restored the deteriorated garden and the tea houses based on the information from ”Shimizutani-goten picture scroll and records.” The interior of the tea houses is not normally open to the public, but are sometimes used as tea ceremony venue. The tea houses blending into the scenery with the pond hold an essential charm unequalled anywhere else northeast of the Echigo region. It plays an important role in passing on Edo culture to the present.

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Registered as World Heritage Site in 2011

The Hiraizumi area was registered as World Heritage Site in 2011 under the title ”Hiraizumi – Temples, Gardens and Archaeological Sites Representing the Buddhist Pure Land, in which Motsuji is included.
Motsuji was founded by Jikaku Daishi Ennin over 1000 years ago in 850. This is about the at the same time when Chusonji Temple was built. After that, Motohira and Hidehira from Oshu Fujiwara family created a huge monastery to revitalize the temple. Many halls and monasteries were built and the temple was said to be larger than Chusonji Temple at the time. Later, in 1573, during the Age of the Warring States, it was burned in combat and all the buildings were burned. As the power of the Fujiwara family declined, all the halls were destroyed after encountering many disasters. However, the garden and the ruins of the monastery remained in nearly perfect shape.

The reconstructed main hall originally built in the Heian period

The main hall was built in 1989. According to head priest Kojun Shirayama who guided us, the building was re-constructed based on the building style from the Heian period.
Nakata shared his impression after seeing the main building, ”Vermillion red painting is more associated with Shinto shrines.” Shirayama explained, ”Yes it certainly does. However Heian period was s time when Shinto and Buddhism was fused together. So there was no difference between shrines and temples. They both existed at the same place. It was only after Meiji period when the two religions were made distinct from each other.”

But why did they choose the style of the Heian period for re-construction? It was because the garden remained in the style of the Heian period. The garden which is also called Paradise (Jodo) Garden was created in the space of about 20 hectares. The design is said to be based on the oldest known garden book ”Sakutei-ki” written in the Heian period. The garden is built around the Oizumigaike pond, and the ”araiso” style waterfront and the ”kare sansui” style landscaping replicates famous landscapes of Japan with the combination of manmade and natural beauty.
”For better or for worse, this area did not have large scale development projects so that is why the Heian period garden and ruins still exist untouched.” Shirayama told us. They wanted to create a main hall to match the garden.

“Hono Enbu”, dance by the monks

Motsuji, as mentioned earlier, is a part of the World Heritage Site. In the middle of the site, there is the Jodo Garden and the ruins of ”Rinchi Garan” nearby is designated as National Special Historic Site and Special Beautiful Scenery. In addition, there is the main hall, Kai Kaizando, Jogyodo and the famous stone plaque with Basho’s famous haiku ”Summer plants, Soldiers, All remains a dream.”

There is also an Intangible Cultural Property at Motsuji. The dance is called ”Einen no Mai” (longevity dance) and performed by priests to be offered to Buddha and his guardian deity. It is performed in a hall called Jogyodo. The offering is made on the 20th day after New Years to pray for the peace of the nation, rich harvest and prevention of illness. It is generally known to the public as the ”20th Night Festival”.
As we stood in front of the Heian period garden, we have a great view. The most beautiful seasons are the spring with fresh green and autumn. The view made our hearts relax.

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Restored Architecture

In 1895, to commemorate the 1100th year of the Heian capital transfer, ”the 4th National Industrial Exposition” was held and a part of the palace was restored as it was during those times. Heian Jingu is that restored architecture which was then converted to a shrine. Enshrined here is Emperor Kanmu, who had proclaimed the transfer of the capital. In 1940, the 121st emperor, Emperor Komei was added. The magnificent ”torii” gate soars 24 meters high. As you progress forward to the main building, as restored during the times of the actual transfer of the capital, you will soon see the Otenmon, which is an impressive vermillion building.

Garden to Enjoy the Seasons

The grounds of Heian Jingu is an approximate 66,000 square meters, with the garden, ”Heian Jingu Shin-en” occupying half. Landscape architect Ogawa Jihei, took more than 20 years to complete the garden, and the most popular of the garden is the ”Taiheikaku” standing over the ”Seiho pond”. The architecture with cypress bark roof was transferred from the Kyoto Palace and has been set so it looks as though it is floating in the pond, looking much like an illusion. Heian Jingu is packed with tourists during the cherry blossom season, but it shows refined elegance in any season.

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Many small rice terrace that overlaps

The rice terrace spreads on a slight slope. Maruyama area in Kiwa-cho. Each rice field is extremely small and over 1300 fields are overlapping each other and covers the whole mountain. This view is called ”Maruyama Senmaida” and was selected as one of the One Hundred Rice Terrace of Japan.
Here at Maruyama area, the temperature difference between the day and night is large due to the mountains and the air flows freely so it is suitable for making rice.
Rice farming has been prosperous from the old days and it is said that 2240 rice terraces already existed in Maruyama Senmaida around 1600.

Established protection regulation for rice terrace

However after the years gone by and by the end of Showa Era, the number of the rice fields declined to 530 due to the government’s crop conversion policy and depopulation of the town. So the movement to protect rice terrace which is the typical landscape of Maruyama area started.
In 1994, they established protection regulation for rice terrace called ”Maruyama Senmaida Regulation”. This is one of the very rare example in Japan. Thanks to its activity, now it has finally revived to about half of the peak numbers.Because the field is small it is difficult to work with the machine so everything is done manually. On top of that, there is the height difference in the slope so it is a considerable hard labor. But the community is working hard together as one with the goal of ”making delicious rice”.
Today, the ownership system of the rice field has also started. The day when Maruyama Senmaida revives to its former days may be close.

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